# Docker基本命令
# 基本命令
docker version查看docker各个组件的版本信息
docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community # Docker客户端
Version: 20.10.5
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 55c4c88
Built: Tue Mar 2 20:33:55 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community # Docker服务端
Engine:
Version: 19.03.15
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 99e3ed8919
Built: Sat Jan 30 03:16:33 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd: # containerd
Version: 1.4.4 # containerd的版本
GitCommit: 05f951a3781f4f2c1911b05e61c160e9c30eaa8e
runc: # 运行docker的引擎 核心组件
Version: 1.0.0-rc93
GitCommit: 12644e614e25b05da6fd08a38ffa0cfe1903fdec
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
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docker info查看docker详细信息
docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false # 调试模式
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
Server:
Containers: 34 # 容器数量
Running: 16 # 运行容器数量
Paused: 0 # 暂停容器数量
Stopped: 18 # 停止容器数量
Images: 15 # 镜像数量
Server Version: 19.03.15
Storage Driver: overlay2
# 存储驱动overlay2的条件:文件系统是xfs并且要支持d_type
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
# docker日志存储类型 存储在本地/var/lib/docker/containers
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
# 最好是将应用的日志打到容器控制台上 这样好排查问题 也好收集日志
Swarm: inactive # inactive没有启动 不使用Swarm进行编排
Runtimes: runc # 运行时 runc运行容器的标准 基于runc来创建、运行、销毁等
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 05f951a3781f4f2c1911b05e61c160e9c30eaa8e
runc version: 12644e614e25b05da6fd08a38ffa0cfe1903fdec
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 3.829GiB
Name: k8s-master01
ID: AKDR:LB3F:WEOE:RTI3:C7YQ:HAK4:ILLO:NN3F:M2ZB:XHQC:QICG:FCFU
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
# 目录可更改 最好使用单独磁盘 挂载个SSD硬盘 提高性能
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ # 镜像仓库
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries: # 加入不安全的仓库地址 一般私有镜像库是http的
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
# 已启用实时还原标识 打开后重启docker不会重启正在运行的docker
# Live Restore Enabled 在生产环境中一定要设置为true
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docker search搜索镜像
docker search alpine
# 选择官方版本OFFICIAL[OK] stars数量最多的
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
alpine A minimal Docker image based on Alpine Linux… 7262 [OK]
mhart/alpine-node Minimal Node.js built on Alpine Linux 482
anapsix/alpine-java Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC 2.28 over A… 469 [OK]
frolvlad/alpine-glibc Alpine Docker image with glibc (~12MB) 256 [OK]
gliderlabs/alpine Image based on Alpine Linux will help you wi… 183
alpine/git A simple git container running in alpine li… 171 [OK]
mvertes/alpine-mongo light MongoDB container 117 [OK]
yobasystems/alpine-mariadb MariaDB running on Alpine Linux [docker] [am… 85 [OK]
alpine/socat Run socat command in alpine container 68 [OK]
kiasaki/alpine-postgres PostgreSQL docker image based on Alpine Linux 45 [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-tomcat Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 with… 44 [OK]
jfloff/alpine-python A small, more complete, Python Docker image … 40 [OK]
byrnedo/alpine-curl Alpine linux with curl installed and set as … 34 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-sshd Dockerize your OpenSSH-server with rsync and… 33 [OK]
zenika/alpine-chrome Chrome running in headless mode in a tiny Al… 31 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-fpm-php FPM-PHP 7.0 to 8.0, shipped along with tons … 25 [OK]
etopian/alpine-php-wordpress Alpine WordPress Nginx PHP-FPM WP-CLI 24 [OK]
bashell/alpine-bash Alpine Linux with /bin/bash as a default she… 18 [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-java-unlimited-jce Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC 2.21 over A… 13 [OK]
spotify/alpine Alpine image with `bash` and `curl`. 11 [OK]
roribio16/alpine-sqs Dockerized ElasticMQ server + web UI over Al… 11 [OK]
cfmanteiga/alpine-bash-curl-jq Docker Alpine image with Bash, curl and jq p… 6 [OK]
ellerbrock/alpine-mysql-client MySQL Client based on Alpine Linux 1 [OK]
bushrangers/alpine-caddy Alpine Linux Docker Container running Caddys… 1 [OK]
dwdraju/alpine-curl-jq Alpine Docker Image with curl, jq, bash 1 [OK]
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docker pull拉取镜像到本地
docker pull alpine:latest
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
ba3557a56b15: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a75afd8b57e7f34e4dad8d65e2c7ba2e1975c795ce1ee22fa34f8cf46f96a3be
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
docker pull alpine:3.12.0
3.12.0: Pulling from library/alpine
df20fa9351a1: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:185518070891758909c9f839cf4ca393ee977ac378609f700f60a771a2dfe321
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:3.12.0
docker.io/library/alpine:3.12.0
docker pull alpine:3.12.0
3.12.0: Pulling from library/alpine
Digest: sha256:185518070891758909c9f839cf4ca393ee977ac378609f700f60a771a2dfe321
Status: Image is up to date for alpine:3.12.0
docker.io/library/alpine:3.12.0
# 本地有这个镜像不会重新拉取
docker pull golang:1.16.2-alpine3.13
docker pull openjdk:8-jdk-alpine3.9
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docker tag镜像设置tag
docker tag calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.11.1 yyc/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.11.1
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docker push推送镜像到镜像仓库
# 登陆 docker官方仓库
docker login
# 登陆指定仓库
docker login xxx.com
# 推送
docker push yyc/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.11.1
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docker run启动镜像
# 前台启动 交互式启动
docker run -ti alpine:3.12.0 sh
/ # ls
bin etc lib mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home media opt root sbin sys usr
# 后台启动 守护进程启动
docker run -d alpine:3.12.0 sh
1129b682a94befe04acc003fa1f457f8f15198107a2a6937a4976ac7e08bafdf
docker run -tid -p 12345:80 nginx
15e11d4dbafd5d4f1c592ecd41ea8c6021c13057bc7e8e2117c9cbf381476bd5
docker ps -a | grep nginx
15e11d4dbafd nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:12345->80/tcp optimistic_elbakyan
# 注意在镜像Dockerfile文件里的应用进程一定要是前台启动的
# 因为要是后台启动的话 刚起来容器 就会退出的
# 例如Nginx -g daemon off;
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docker logs查看容器日志
# docker logs -f 容器ID
docker logs -f 容器ID5851ed310c9c
Flag --insecure-port has been deprecated, This flag has no effect now and will be removed in v1.24.
I0323 06:00:11.064111 1 server.go:632] external host was not specified, using 192.168.0.201
I0323 06:00:11.065101 1 server.go:182] Version: v1.20.4
I0323 06:00:11.451149 1 plugins.go:158] Loaded 12 mutating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,NodeRestriction,TaintNodesByCondition,Priority,DefaultTolerationSeconds,DefaultStorageClass,StorageObjectInUseProtection,RuntimeClass,DefaultIngressClass,MutatingAdmissionWebhook.
I0323 06:00:11.451197 1 plugins.go:161] Loaded 10 validating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,Priority,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,RuntimeClass,CertificateApproval,CertificateSigning,CertificateSubjectRestriction,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota.
I0323 06:00:11.454594 1 shared_informer.go:240] Waiting for caches to sync for node_authorizer
I0323 06:00:11.455007 1 plugins.go:158] Loaded 12 mutating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,NodeRestriction,TaintNodesByCondition,Priority,DefaultTolerationSeconds,DefaultStorageClass,StorageObjectInUseProtection,RuntimeClass,DefaultIngressClass,MutatingAdmissionWebhook.
I0323 06:00:11.455095 1 plugins.go:161] Loaded 10 validating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,Priority,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,RuntimeClass,CertificateApproval,CertificateSigning,CertificateSubjectRestriction,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota.
I0323 06:00:11.461240 1 client.go:360] parsed scheme: "endpoint"
I0323 06:00:11.461419 1 endpoint.go:68] ccResolverWrapper: sending new addresses to cc: [{https://127.0.0.1:2379 <nil> 0 <nil>}]
I0323 06:00:11.471370 1 client.go:360] parsed scheme: "endpoint"
I0323 06:00:11.471447 1 endpoint.go:68] ccResolverWrapper: sending new addresses to cc: [{https://127.0.0.1:2379 <nil> 0 <nil>}]
I0323 06:00:11.483042 1 client.go:360] parsed scheme: "passthrough"
I0323 06:00:11.483366 1 passthrough.go:48] ccResolverWrapper: sending update to cc: {[{https://127.0.0.1:2379 <nil> 0 <nil>}] <nil> <nil>}
I0323 06:00:11.483404 1 clientconn.go:948] ClientConn switching balancer to "pick_first"
I0323 06:00:11.485540 1 client.go:360] parsed scheme: "endpoint"
I0323 06:00:11.485611 1 endpoint.go:68] ccResolverWrapper: sending new addresses to cc: [{https://127.0.0.1:2379 <nil> 0 <nil>}]
I0323 06:00:11.584763 1 instance.go:289] Using reconciler: lease
I0323 06:00:11.586518 1 client.go:360] parsed scheme: "endpoint"
I0323 06:00:11.586590 1 endpoint.go:68] ccResolverWrapper: sending new addresses to cc: [{https://127.0.0.1:2379 <nil> 0 <nil>}]
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docker ps查看容器列表
# 查看运行的容器列表
docker ps
# 查看所有容器列表
docker ps -a
# 查看所有容器ID
docker ps -aq
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docker exec进入容器
# docker exec -ti 容器ID 运行命令
docker exec -ti 517cf88d3af8 bash
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docker cp容器复制命令
# 查看nginx容器
docker ps -a | grep nginx
15e11d4dbafd nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:12345->80/tcp optimistic_elbakyan
# 进入nginx容器
docker exec -ti 15e11d4dbafd bash
root@15e11d4dbafd:/# pwd
/
root@15e11d4dbafd:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/
root@15e11d4dbafd:/usr/share/nginx# ll
bash: ll: command not found
root@15e11d4dbafd:/usr/share/nginx# ls
html
root@15e11d4dbafd:/usr/share/nginx# cd html
root@15e11d4dbafd:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls
50x.html index.html
root@15e11d4dbafd:/usr/share/nginx/html# exit
exit
# 编写index.html
echo "test cp" > index.html
# 复制index.html到容器指定目录下
docker cp index.html 15e11d4dbafd:/usr/share/nginx/html
# 验证页面
curl 192.168.0.201:12345
test cp
# 复制容器下的文件到本地目录
docker cp 15e11d4dbafd:/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html .
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docker rmi删除镜像
# 删除镜像 docker rmi 镜像id 可用docker images 查询镜像ID
docker rmi 5296a9
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docker rm删除容器
# 删除容器 docker rm 容器id 可用docker ps -a 查询已经停止的容器ID
docker rm d6355b2122e8
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docker images查看镜像列表
docker images
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docker stop停止容器
# 停止容器 docker stop 容器id 可用docker ps 查询运行的容器ID
docker stop d6355b2122e8
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docker build创建镜像
# 根据Dockerfile文件创建镜像
docker build -t .
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docker history查看镜像的提交记录
docker history registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
80d28bedfe5d 13 months ago ENTRYPOINT ["/pause"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 13 months ago ADD bin/pause-amd64 /pause # buildkit 683kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 13 months ago ARG ARCH 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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docker commit提交镜像
# 提交镜像 docker commit -a 作者 -m 提交描述 镜像id 新的镜像的tags
docker commit -a "yyc" -m "add index.html" 15e11d4dbafd nginx:commit
# 运行 若是容器停止则删除容器不会产生垃圾容器
docker run -ti --rm nginx:commit bash
root@0d1c7c96f4a9:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html
root@0d1c7c96f4a9:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls
50x.html index.html
root@0d1c7c96f4a9:/usr/share/nginx/html# cat index.html
test cp
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