ShiYu

# 二进制高可用安装k8s集群

# 一、k8s架构图

image-20210317200010143

为什么使用二进制安装k8s集群？

  • 稳定性更好
    • 当集群规模变大例如几百个节点上万个pod的时候 二进制的稳定性要比Kubeadm好的
    • 因为Kubeadm是以容器管理容器的方式 当重启机器时先启动容器里的k8s集群再启动应用的pod
    • 这样会比二进制的启动慢很多 故障修复会很慢
  • 灵活性更高
  • 扩展性更高
  • 扩容更方便
  • 升级更容易
  • 修改证书有效期等 不用关心证书有效期

# 二、基本环境设置

本文章将演示CentOS 7二进制方式安装高可用k8s 1.20.5，适用于k8s1.17+以上版本，相对于其他版本，二进制安装方式并无太大区别，只需要区分每个组件版本的对应关系即可。

生产环境中，建议使用小版本大于5的Kubernetes版本，比如1.19.5以后的才可用于生产环境。

高可用Kubernetes集群规划

主机名 IP地址 说明 配置
k8s-master01 192.168.0.201 master节点 4C4G 100G
k8s-master02 192.168.0.202 master节点 4C4G 100G
k8s-master03 192.168.0.203 master节点 4C4G 100G
k8s-node01 192.168.0.204 worker节点 4C4G 100G
k8s-node02 192.168.0.205 worker节点 4C4G 100G
k8s-master-lb 192.168.0.236 keepalived虚拟IP VIP不占用机器
配置信息 备注
系统版本 CentOS 7.9
内核升级版本 Kernel 4.19.12
Docker版本 19.03.x
K8s版本 1.20.x
Pod网段 172.168.0.0/12
Service网段 10.96.0.0/12

VIP（虚拟IP）不要和公司内网IP重复，首先去ping一下，不通才可用。VIP需要和主机在同一个局域网内！

公有云上搭建VIP是公有云的负载均衡的IP，比如阿里云的内网SLB的地址，腾讯云内网ELB的地址

(所有节点)配置hosts，修改/etc/hosts如下：

在xshell中使用发送键输入到所有会话功能 只需输入一次命令即可

vim /etc/hosts
192.168.0.201 k8s-master01
192.168.0.202 k8s-master02
192.168.0.203 k8s-master03
192.168.0.236 k8s-master-lb # 如果不是高可用集群，该IP为Master01的IP
192.168.0.204 k8s-node01
192.168.0.205 k8s-node02
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(所有节点)安装yum源如下：

# 编辑CentOS-Base.repo 为清华源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

# 更新软件包缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache

# yum安装yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

# docker-ce yum源替换阿里源()
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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(所有节点)必备工具安装

yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y
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(所有节点)关闭防火墙、selinux、dnsmasq、swap。命令如下：

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable --now firewalld 
# 关闭dnsmasq
systemctl disable --now dnsmasq
# 关闭NetworkManager
systemctl disable --now NetworkManager
# 临时关闭selinux
setenforce 0
# 永久关闭selinux
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
# 验证是否关闭selinux
sestatus
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(所有节点)关闭swap分区

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab
cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Mar 19 11:06:26 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=c68f22aa-7c5d-4ca6-9922-8bd9c1e4f382 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-home /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
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(所有节点)安装ntpdate

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.wlnmp.com/centos/wlnmp-release-centos.noarch.rpm
yum install ntpdate -y
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(所有节点)同步时间。时间同步配置如下：

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
crontab -e
# 加入到crontab
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
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(所有节点)配置limit：

# 临时生效
ulimit -SHn 65535
# 修改文件永久生效
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
# 末尾添加如下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
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(所有节点)开启内核转发

# 临时开启(写入内存，在内存中开启)
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# 永久开启(写入内核)
# 修改配置文件
echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >>  /etc/sysctl.conf
# 加载
sysctl -p
# 查看
sysctl -a |grep "ip_forward"
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward_use_pmtu = 0
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Master01节点免密钥登录其他节点，安装过程中生成配置文件和证书均在Master01上操作，集群管理也在Master01上操作，阿里云或者AWS上需要单独一台kubectl服务器。密钥配置如下：

ssh-keygen -t rsa
for i in k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub $i;done
# 下载安装所有的源码文件
cd /root/
git clone https://github.com/dotbalo/k8s-ha-install.git
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(所有节点)升级系统并重启，此处升级没有升级内核，下节会单独升级内核：

yum update -y --exclude=kernel* && reboot #CentOS7需要升级，CentOS8可以按需升级系统
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# 三、内核配置

CentOS7 需要升级内核至4.18+，本地升级的版本为4.19

在master01节点下载内核：

cd /root
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
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从master01节点传到其他节点：

for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm $i:/root/ ; done
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(所有节点)安装内核

cd /root && yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*
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(所有节点)更改内核启动顺序

grub2-set-default  0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"
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检查默认内核是不是4.19

grubby --default-kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
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(所有节点)重启，然后检查内核是不是4.19

reboot
uname -a
Linux k8s-master02 4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 21 11:06:36 EST 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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(所有节点)安装ipvsadm：

yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
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(所有节点)配置ipvs模块，在内核4.19+版本nf_conntrack_ipv4已经改为nf_conntrack， 4.18以下使用nf_conntrack_ipv4即可：

modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
vim /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf 
	# 加入以下内容
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
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(所有节点)加载内核配置

systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
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(所有节点)开启一些k8s集群中必须的内核参数，配置k8s内核：

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF
sysctl --system
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(所有节点)配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载

reboot
lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
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# 四、基本组件安装

本节主要安装的是集群中用到的各种组件，比如Docker-ce、Kubernetes各组件等。

(所有节点)安装Docker-ce 19.03

yum install docker-ce-19.03.* docker-ce-cli-19.03.* -y
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温馨提示

由于新版kubelet建议使用systemd，所以可以把docker的CgroupDriver改成systemd

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
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(所有节点)设置开机自启动Docker：

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now docker
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# 五、k8s安装及etcd安装

(master01节点)下载kubernetes安装包

wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.20.5/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
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注意目前版本是1.20.5安装时需要下载最新的1.20.x版本：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.20.md

打开页面后点击：

image-20210323205056455

image-20210323205124235

以下操作都在master01节点执行

下载etcd安装包

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.13/etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
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解压kubernetes安装文件

tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz  --strip-components=3 -C /usr/local/bin kubernetes/server/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy}
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解压etcd安装文件

tar -zxvf etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd{,ctl}
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版本查看

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.20.5
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# etcdctl version
etcdctl version: 3.4.13
API version: 3.4
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将组件发送到其他节点

MasterNodes='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'
WorkNodes='k8s-node01 k8s-node02'
for NODE in $MasterNodes; do echo $NODE; scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; scp /usr/local/bin/etcd* $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; done
for NODE in $WorkNodes; do     scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/ ; done
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(所有节点)创建/opt/cni/bin目录

mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
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切换到1.20.x分支（其他版本可以切换到其他分支）

cd k8s-ha-install && git checkout manual-installation-v1.20.x
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# 六、生成证书

二进制安装最关键步骤，一步错误全盘皆输，一定要注意每个步骤都要是正确的

(master01节点)下载生成证书工具

wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
# 本地有的话
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
# 授权 可执行
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
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# 6.1、etcd证书

(所有Master节点)创建etcd证书目录

mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
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(所有节点)创建kubernetes相关目录

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
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Master01节点生成etcd证书

生成证书的CSR文件：证书签名请求文件，配置了一些域名、公司、单位

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki

# 生成etcd CA证书和CA证书的key
cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca

# 通过etcd CA证书和CA证书的key生成客户端证书
cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -hostname=127.0.0.1,k8s-master01,k8s-master02,k8s-master03,192.168.0.201,192.168.0.202,192.168.0.203 \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd

# 将证书复制到其他主节点
MasterNodes='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'
WorkNodes='k8s-node01 k8s-node02'

for NODE in $MasterNodes; do
     ssh $NODE "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl"
     for FILE in etcd-ca-key.pem  etcd-ca.pem  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem; do
       scp /etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE}
     done
 done
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# 6.2、k8s组件证书

(Master01节点)生成kubernetes证书

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki

# 生成kubernetes CA证书和CA证书的key
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca

# 10.96.0.是k8s service的网段，如果说需要更改k8s service网段，那就需要更改10.96.0.1，
# 如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236为Master01的IP

# 通过kubernetes CA证书和CA证书的key生成客户端证书
cfssl gencert   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -hostname=10.96.0.1,192.168.0.236,127.0.0.1,kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,192.168.0.201,192.168.0.202,192.168.0.203   -profile=kubernetes   apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver
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(Master01节点)生成apiserver的聚合证书。Requestheader-client-xxx requestheader-allowwd-xxx:aggerator


cfssl gencert   -initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca 

cfssl gencert   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca-key.pem   -config=ca-config.json   -profile=kubernetes   front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client

# 返回结果（忽略警告）
2021/03/24 00:57:08 [INFO] generate received request
2021/03/24 00:57:08 [INFO] received CSR
2021/03/24 00:57:08 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2021/03/24 00:57:09 [INFO] encoded CSR
2021/03/24 00:57:09 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 722225904732528516146607234602813669024950717416
2021/03/24 00:57:09 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
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(Master01节点)生成controller-manage的证书

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
# set-cluster：设置一个集群项，

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 设置一个环境项，一个上下文
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
    --cluster=kubernetes \
    --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
    --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

# set-credentials 设置一个用户项

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig


# 使用某个环境当做默认环境

kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig
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(Master01节点)生成scheduler的证书

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig


kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-scheduler \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig


kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig
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(Master01节点)生成Admin的证书

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/admin

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin.pem     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin-key.pem     --embed-certs=true     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig


kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=kubernetes-admin     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig


kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig
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创建ServiceAccount Key -> secret

openssl genrsa -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key 2048

返回结果
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.............+++
....+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)

openssl rsa -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key -pubout -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub
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发送证书至其他主节点

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03; do
for FILE in $(ls /etc/kubernetes/pki | grep -v etcd); do
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE};
done; 
for FILE in admin.kubeconfig controller-manager.kubeconfig scheduler.kubeconfig; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE};
done;
done
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查看证书文件

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/
admin.csr      apiserver.csr      ca.csr      controller-manager.csr      front-proxy-ca.csr      front-proxy-client.csr      sa.key         scheduler-key.pem
admin-key.pem  apiserver-key.pem  ca-key.pem  controller-manager-key.pem  front-proxy-ca-key.pem  front-proxy-client-key.pem  sa.pub         scheduler.pem
admin.pem      apiserver.pem      ca.pem      controller-manager.pem      front-proxy-ca.pem      front-proxy-client.pem      scheduler.csr
[root@k8s-master01 pki]# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/ |wc -l
23
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# 七、Kubernetes系统组件配置

# 7.1、Etcd配置

# 7.1.1、Master01配置

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
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name: 'k8s-master01'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.201:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.201:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.201:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.201:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://192.168.0.201:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.0.202:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.0.203:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
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# 7.1.2、Master02配置

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
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name: 'k8s-master02'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.202:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.202:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.202:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.202:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://192.168.0.201:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.0.202:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.0.203:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
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# 7.1.3、Master03配置

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
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name: 'k8s-master03'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.203:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.203:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://192.168.0.203:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://192.168.0.203:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://192.168.0.201:2380,k8s-master02=https://192.168.0.202:2380,k8s-master03=https://192.168.0.203:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
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# 7.1.4、创建Service

所有Master节点创建etcd service并启动

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Service
Documentation=https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd --config-file=/etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.service


systemctl enable --now etcd
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所有Master节点创建etcd的证书目录

mkdir /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
ln -s /etc/etcd/ssl/* /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
# 加载配置
systemctl daemon-reload
# 开机自启动etcd
systemctl enable --now etcd
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查看etcd状态

export ETCDCTL_API=3
etcdctl --endpoints="192.168.0.203:2379,192.168.0.202:2379,192.168.0.201:2379" --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem  endpoint status --write-out=table

+--------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
|      ENDPOINT      |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |
+--------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| 192.168.0.203:2379 | ba41e7802bd3a7a0 |  3.4.13 |   20 kB |      true |      false |         2 |          8 |                  8 |        |
| 192.168.0.202:2379 | c27d70d097466c8c |  3.4.13 |   20 kB |     false |      false |         2 |          8 |                  8 |        |
| 192.168.0.201:2379 | 6aa96476e0be7503 |  3.4.13 |   20 kB |     false |      false |         2 |          8 |                  8 |        |
+--------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
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# 八、高可用组件安装

高可用配置（注意：如果不是高可用集群，haproxy和keepalived无需安装）

如果在云上安装也无需执行此章节的步骤，可以直接使用云上的lb，比如阿里云slb，腾讯云elb等

公有云要用公有云自带的负载均衡，比如阿里云的SLB，腾讯云的ELB，用来替代haproxy和keepalived，因为公有云大部分都是不支持keepalived的，另外如果用阿里云的话，kubectl控制端不能放在master节点，推荐使用腾讯云，因为阿里云的slb有回环的问题，也就是slb代理的服务器不能反向访问SLB，但是腾讯云修复了这个问题。

(所有Master节点)通过yum安装HAProxy和KeepAlived：

yum install keepalived haproxy -y
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(所有Master节点)配置HAProxy（详细配置参考HAProxy文档，所有Master节点的HAProxy配置相同）：

mkdir -p /etc/haproxy
# HAProxy配置
vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
global
  maxconn  2000
  ulimit-n  16384
  log  127.0.0.1 local0 err
  stats timeout 30s

defaults
  log global
  mode  http
  option  httplog
  timeout connect 5000
  timeout client  50000
  timeout server  50000
  timeout http-request 15s
  timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend monitor-in
  bind *:33305
  mode http
  option httplog
  monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master
  bind 0.0.0.0:8443
  bind 127.0.0.1:8443
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
  default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  option tcp-check
  balance roundrobin
  default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
  server k8s-master01	192.168.0.201:6443  check
  server k8s-master02	192.168.0.202:6443  check
  server k8s-master03	192.168.0.203:6443  check
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(所有Master节点)配置KeepAlived，配置不一样，注意区分[root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，注意每个节点的IP和网卡（interface参数）

Master01节点的配置：

mkdir /etc/keepalived
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
    script_user root
    enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2  
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.201
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 101
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.0.236
    }
    track_script {
       chk_apiserver
    }
}
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Master02节点的配置：

mkdir /etc/keepalived
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
    enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
   interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2  
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.202
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.0.236
    }
    track_script {
       chk_apiserver
    }
}
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Master03节点的配置：

mkdir /etc/keepalived
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
    enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
 interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2  
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.203
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.0.236
    }
    track_script {
       chk_apiserver
    }
}
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(所有master节点)配置KeepAlived健康检查文件：

vim /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh 
#!/bin/bash

err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
    check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
    if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
        err=$(expr $err + 1)
        sleep 1
        continue
    else
        err=0
        break
    fi
done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
    echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi

# 赋可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
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(所有master节点)启动haproxy和keepalived：

# 启动haproxy和keepalived
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived
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重要：如果安装了keepalived和haproxy，需要测试keepalived是否是正常的

# 测试VIP
# ping 4次
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ping 192.168.0.236 -c 4
PING 192.168.0.236 (192.168.0.236) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.464 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms

--- 192.168.0.236 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3106ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.062/0.163/0.464/0.173 ms
# telnet 16443端口
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# telnet 192.168.0.236 8443
Trying 192.168.0.236...
Connected to 192.168.0.236.
Escape character is '^]'.
Connection closed by foreign host.
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如果ping不通且telnet没有出现 ] ，则认为VIP不可以，不可在继续往下执行，需要排查keepalived的问题，比如防火墙和selinux，haproxy和keepalived的状态，监听端口等

所有节点查看防火墙状态必须为disable和inactive：systemctl status firewalld

所有节点查看selinux状态，必须为disable：getenforce

master节点查看haproxy和keepalived状态：systemctl status keepalived haproxy

master节点查看监听端口：netstat -lntp

# 九、Kubernetes组件配置

所有节点创建相关目录

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests/ /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes
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# 9.1、Apiserver

所有Master节点创建kube-apiserver service

注意:如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236改为master01的地址

# 9.1.1、Master01配置

注意:本文档使用的k8s service网段为10.96.0.0/12，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复，请按需修改

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=192.168.0.201 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.201:2379,https://192.168.0.202:2379,https://192.168.0.203:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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# 9.1.2、Master02配置

注意:本文档使用的k8s service网段为10.96.0.0/12，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复，请按需修改

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=192.168.0.202 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.201:2379,https://192.168.0.202:2379,https://192.168.0.203:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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# 9.1.3、Master03配置

注意:本文档使用的k8s service网段为10.96.0.0/12，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复，请按需修改

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=192.168.0.203 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://192.168.0.201:2379,https://192.168.0.202:2379,https://192.168.0.203:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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# 9.1.4、启动apiserver

所有Master节点开启kube-apiserver

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver
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检测kube-server状态

systemctl status kube-apiserver

● kube-apiserver.service - Kubernetes API Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-03-24 01:28:28 CST; 20s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 2011 (kube-apiserver)
    Tasks: 10
   Memory: 404.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-apiserver.service
           └─2011 /usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver --v=2 --logtostderr=true --allow-privileged=true --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --secure-por.
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系统日志的这些提示可以忽略

Mar 24 01:28:33 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: [-]poststarthook/rbac/bootstrap-roles failed: not finished
Mar 24 01:28:33 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: I0324 01:28:33.925537    2011 storage_rbac.go:294] created role.rbac.author...system
Mar 24 01:28:33 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: I0324 01:28:33.931276    2011 controller.go:609] quota admission added eval...k8s.io
Mar 24 01:28:33 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: I0324 01:28:33.935624    2011 storage_rbac.go:326] created rolebinding.rbac...system
Mar 24 01:28:33 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: I0324 01:28:33.945110    2011 storage_rbac.go:326] created rolebinding.rbac...system
Mar 24 01:28:34 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: I0324 01:28:34.006061    2011 healthz.go:244] poststarthook/rbac/bootstrap-...readyz
Mar 24 01:28:34 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: [-]poststarthook/rbac/bootstrap-roles failed: not finished
Mar 24 01:28:34 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: W0324 01:28:34.117359    2011 lease.go:233] Resetting endpoints for master ...0.203]
Mar 24 01:28:34 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: I0324 01:28:34.118753    2011 controller.go:609] quota admission added eval...points
Mar 24 01:28:34 k8s-master01 kube-apiserver[2011]: I0324 01:28:34.124227    2011 controller.go:609] quota admission added eval...k8s.io
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
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# 9.2、ControllerManager

所有Master节点配置kube-controller-manager service

注意:本文档使用的k8s Pod网段为172.16.0.0/12，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、k8s Service网段的重复，请按需修改

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \
      --v=2 \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --use-service-account-credentials=true \
      --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \
      --node-monitor-period=5s \
      --pod-eviction-timeout=2m0s \
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
      --cluster-cidr=172.16.0.0/12 \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem \
      --node-cidr-mask-size=24
      
Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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所有Master节点启动kube-controller-manager

# 加载配置
systemctl daemon-reload
# 开机自启动
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
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# 9.3、Scheduler

所有Master节点配置kube-scheduler service

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \
      --v=2 \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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所有Master节点启动kube-scheduler

# 加载配置
systemctl daemon-reload
# 开机自启动
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
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# 十、TLS Bootstrapping配置

在Master01创建bootstrap

注意:如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/bootstrap

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user     --token=c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=tls-bootstrap-token-user     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig
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注意：如果要修改bootstrap.secret.yaml的token-id和token-secret，需要保证下图红圈内的字符串一致的，并且位数是一样的。还要保证上个命令的--token：c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e与你修改的字符串要一致

image-20210323225700730

mkdir -p /root/.kube ; cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig /root/.kube/config
# 创建bootstrap
kubectl create -f bootstrap.secret.yaml 
secret/bootstrap-token-c8ad9c created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver created
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# 十一、Node节点配置

# 11.1、复制证书

Master01节点复制证书至Node节点

cd /etc/kubernetes/

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02; do
     ssh $NODE mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki /etc/etcd/ssl /etc/etcd/ssl
     for FILE in etcd-ca.pem etcd.pem etcd-key.pem; do
       scp /etc/etcd/ssl/$FILE $NODE:/etc/etcd/ssl/
     done
     for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem pki/front-proxy-ca.pem bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig; do
       scp /etc/kubernetes/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
 done
 done
 
# 执行结果：
etcd-ca.pem                                                                                          100% 1367     1.6MB/s   00:00    
etcd.pem                                                                                             100% 1509     1.4MB/s   00:00    
etcd-key.pem                                                                                         100% 1679     1.9MB/s   00:00    
ca.pem                                                                                               100% 1411     1.4MB/s   00:00    
ca-key.pem                                                                                           100% 1675     1.2MB/s   00:00    
front-proxy-ca.pem                                                                                   100% 1143   734.5KB/s   00:00    
bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig                                                                         100% 2300     1.5MB/s   00:00    
etcd-ca.pem                                                                                          100% 1367     1.0MB/s   00:00    
etcd.pem                                                                                             100% 1509     1.3MB/s   00:00    
etcd-key.pem                                                                                         100% 1679     1.3MB/s   00:00    
ca.pem                                                                                               100% 1411   870.7KB/s   00:00    
ca-key.pem                                                                                           100% 1675     1.3MB/s   00:00    
front-proxy-ca.pem                                                                                   100% 1143   869.2KB/s   00:00    
bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig                                                                         100% 2300     1.6MB/s   00:00    
etcd-ca.pem                                                                                          100% 1367   514.8KB/s   00:00    
etcd.pem                                                                                             100% 1509     2.4MB/s   00:00    
etcd-key.pem                                                                                         100% 1679   870.1KB/s   00:00    
ca.pem                                                                                               100% 1411   814.6KB/s   00:00    
ca-key.pem                                                                                           100% 1675     2.3MB/s   00:00    
front-proxy-ca.pem                                                                                   100% 1143   687.8KB/s   00:00    
bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig                                                                         100% 2300   935.3KB/s   00:00    
etcd-ca.pem                                                                                          100% 1367   842.9KB/s   00:00    
etcd.pem                                                                                             100% 1509     1.2MB/s   00:00    
etcd-key.pem                                                                                         100% 1679     1.1MB/s   00:00    
ca.pem                                                                                               100% 1411     1.5MB/s   00:00    
ca-key.pem                                                                                           100% 1675     1.2MB/s   00:00    
front-proxy-ca.pem                                                                                   100% 1143     1.3MB/s   00:00    
bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig                                                                         100% 2300   535.0KB/s   00:00
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# 11.2、Kubelet配置

所有节点创建相关目录

mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
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所有节点配置kubelet service

vim  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet

Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
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所有节点配置kubelet service的配置文件

vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf


[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.2"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
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所有节点创建kubelet的配置文件

注意：如果更改了k8s的service网段，需要更改kubelet-conf.yml 的clusterDNS:配置，改成k8s Service网段的第十个地址，比如10.96.0.10

vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml


apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
cgroupDriver: systemd
cgroupsPerQOS: true
clusterDNS:
- 10.96.0.10
clusterDomain: cluster.local
containerLogMaxFiles: 5
containerLogMaxSize: 10Mi
contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
cpuCFSQuota: true
cpuManagerPolicy: none
cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 10s
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enforceNodeAllocatable:
- pods
eventBurst: 10
eventRecordQPS: 5
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
failSwapOn: true
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
healthzPort: 10248
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
iptablesDropBit: 15
iptablesMasqueradeBit: 14
kubeAPIBurst: 10
kubeAPIQPS: 5
makeIPTablesUtilChains: true
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
oomScoreAdj: -999
podPidsLimit: -1
registryBurst: 10
registryPullQPS: 5
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
rotateCertificates: true
runtimeRequestTimeout: 2m0s
serializeImagePulls: true
staticPodPath: /etc/kubernetes/manifests
streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 4h0m0s
syncFrequency: 1m0s
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m0s
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所有节点启动kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
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此时系统日志/var/log/messages

tail -f /var/log/messages

Unable to update cni config: no networks found in /etc/cni/net.d 显示只有如下信息为正常

查看集群状态

kubectl get node

NAME           STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   <none>   38s   v1.20.5
k8s-master02   NotReady   <none>   38s   v1.20.5
k8s-master03   NotReady   <none>   38s   v1.20.5
k8s-node01     NotReady   <none>   38s   v1.20.5
k8s-node02     NotReady   <none>   38s   v1.20.5
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# 11.3、kube-proxy配置

注意：如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

以下操作在Master01执行

cd /root/k8s-ha-install

kubectl -n kube-system create serviceaccount kube-proxy

kubectl create clusterrolebinding system:kube-proxy         --clusterrole system:node-proxier         --serviceaccount kube-system:kube-proxy

SECRET=$(kubectl -n kube-system get sa/kube-proxy \
    --output=jsonpath='{.secrets[0].name}')
JWT_TOKEN=$(kubectl -n kube-system get secret/$SECRET \
--output=jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d)
PKI_DIR=/etc/kubernetes/pki
K8S_DIR=/etc/kubernetes

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://192.168.0.236:8443     --kubeconfig=${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes     --token=${JWT_TOKEN}     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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在master01将kube-proxy的systemd Service文件发送到其他节点

注意：如果更改了集群Pod的网段，需要更改kube-proxy/kube-proxy.conf的clusterCIDR: 172.16.0.0/12参数为pod的网段。

vim kube-proxy/kube-proxy.conf
clusterCIDR: 172.16.0.0/12

vim kube-proxy/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.conf --v=2

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

for NODE in k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03; do
     scp ${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy.kubeconfig $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
     scp kube-proxy/kube-proxy.conf $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.conf
     scp kube-proxy/kube-proxy.service $NODE:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
 done



 
for NODE in k8s-node01 k8s-node02; do
     scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
     scp kube-proxy/kube-proxy.conf $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.conf
     scp kube-proxy/kube-proxy.service $NODE:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
 done
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所有节点启动kube-proxy

# 加载配置
systemctl daemon-reload
# 启动kube-proxy
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
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(所有主节点)kubectl 命令补全

mkdir -p /root/.kube ; cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig /root/.kube/config
# 方便命令书写 按tab键自动补全命令
yum install -y bash-completion

source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
source  ~/.bashrc

# 必须退出一次，再次登录，就可以了
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# 十二、安装Calico

以下步骤只在master01执行

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/calico/
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修改calico-etcd.yaml的以下位置

sed -i 's#etcd_endpoints: "http://<ETCD_IP>:<ETCD_PORT>"#etcd_endpoints: "https://192.168.0.201:2379,https://192.168.0.202:2379,https://192.168.0.203:2379"#g' calico-etcd.yaml

ETCD_CA=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_CERT=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_KEY=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

sed -i "s@# etcd-key: null@etcd-key: ${ETCD_KEY}@g; s@# etcd-cert: null@etcd-cert: ${ETCD_CERT}@g; s@# etcd-ca: null@etcd-ca: ${ETCD_CA}@g" calico-etcd.yaml

sed -i 's#etcd_ca: ""#etcd_ca: "/calico-secrets/etcd-ca"#g; s#etcd_cert: ""#etcd_cert: "/calico-secrets/etcd-cert"#g; s#etcd_key: "" #etcd_key: "/calico-secrets/etcd-key" #g' calico-etcd.yaml

# 更改此处为自己的pod网段
POD_SUBNET="172.16.0.0/12"
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注意下面的这个步骤是把calico-etcd.yaml文件里面的CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR下的网段改成自己的Pod网段，也就是把192.168.x.x/16改成自己的集群网段，并打开注释：

image-20210323231355114

所以更改的时候请确保这个步骤的这个网段没有被统一替换掉，如果被替换掉了，还请改回来：

sed -i 's@# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@g; s@#   value: "192.168.0.0/16"@  value: '"${POD_SUBNET}"'@g' calico-etcd.yaml
# 部署calico-etcd
kubectl apply -f calico-etcd.yaml
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查看容器状态

[root@k8s-master01 calico]# kubectl  get po -n kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-5f6d4b864b-wlwrf   1/1     Running   1          60m
calico-node-2q6pb                          1/1     Running   1          60m
calico-node-bgz5g                          1/1     Running   2          60m
calico-node-gsjlf                          1/1     Running   1          60m
calico-node-h6svh                          1/1     Running   4          60m
calico-node-vvhdf                          1/1     Running   2          60m
# 拉取Calico镜像
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/node:v3.18.1
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.18.1
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/cni:v3.18.1
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/kube-controllers:v3.18.1

docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/node:v3.15.3
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.15.3
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/cni:v3.15.3
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/kube-controllers:v3.15.3
# 保存Calico镜像
docker save -o node_3.15.3.tar registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/node:v3.15.3
docker save -o pod2daemon-flexvol_3.15.3.tar registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.15.3
docker save -o cni_3.15.3.tar registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/cni:v3.15.3
docker save -o kube-controllers_3.15.3.tar registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/kube-controllers:v3.15.3

docker save -o node_3.18.1.tar registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/node:v3.18.1
docker save -o pod2daemon-flexvol_3.18.1.tar registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.18.1
docker save -o cni_3.18.1.tar registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/cni:v3.18.1
docker save -o kube-controllers_3.18.1.tar registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/kube-controllers:v3.18.1
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如果容器状态异常可以使用kubectl describe 或者logs查看容器的日志

# 十三、安装CoreDNS

# 12.1、安装对应版本（推荐）

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/
# 如果更改了k8s service的网段需要将coredns的serviceIP改成k8s service网段的第十个IP
sed -i "s#10.96.0.10#10.96.0.10#g" CoreDNS/coredns.yaml
# 安装coredns
kubectl  create -f CoreDNS/coredns.yaml
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
configmap/coredns created
deployment.apps/coredns created
service/kube-dns created
kubectl get po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-867d46bfc6-gzpll   1/1     Running   0          2m38s
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# 12.2、安装最新版CoreDNS

git clone https://github.com/coredns/deployment.git
cd deployment/kubernetes
./deploy.sh -s -i 10.96.0.10 | kubectl apply -f -
serviceaccount/coredns created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
configmap/coredns created
deployment.apps/coredns created
service/kube-dns created
# 查看状态
kubectl get po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-85b4878f78-h29kh   1/1     Running   0          8h
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# 十四、安装Metrics Server

在新版的Kubernetes中系统资源的采集均使用Metrics-server，可以通过Metrics采集节点和Pod的内存、磁盘、CPU和网络的使用率。

在Master01节点上安装metrics server

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/metrics-server-0.4.x/

kubectl  create -f . 


serviceaccount/metrics-server created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server-auth-reader created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server:system:auth-delegator created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
service/metrics-server created
deployment.apps/metrics-server created
apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io created
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等待metrics server启动然后查看状态

[root@k8s-master01 metrics-server-0.4.x]# kubectl  top node
NAME           CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
k8s-master01   98m          2%     852Mi           10%       
k8s-master02   271m         6%     912Mi           11%       
k8s-master03   279m         6%     893Mi           11%       
k8s-node01     78m          1%     463Mi           5%        
k8s-node02     47m          1%     400Mi           5%
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# 十五、集群验证

集群验证，必须要做！！！

安装busybox

cat<<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: busybox
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
      - sleep
      - "3600"
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  restartPolicy: Always
EOF
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  • Pod必须能解析Service
  • Pod必须能解析跨namespace的Service
  • 每个节点都必须要能访问Kubernetes的kubernetes svc 443和kube-dns的service 53
  • Pod和Pod之前要能通
  • 同namespace能通信
  • 跨namespace能通信
  • 跨机器能通信

验证解析

[root@k8s-master01 CoreDNS]# kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kubernetes
Server:    192.168.0.10
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes
Address 1: 192.168.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

[root@k8s-master01 CoreDNS]# kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kube-dns.kube-system
Server:    192.168.0.10
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kube-dns.kube-system
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
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# 十六、安装dashboard

Dashboard用于展示集群中的各类资源，同时也可以通过Dashboard实时查看Pod的日志和在容器中执行一些命令等。

# 安装指定版本dashboard

在Master01节点上安装指定版本dashboard

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/dashboard/

kubectl create -f .
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
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# 安装最新版

官方GitHub地址 (opens new window)

可以在官方dashboard查看到最新版dashboard

img

# 部署最新版dashboard
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
# 创建管理员用户
vim admin.yaml
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## admin.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding 
metadata: 
  name: admin-user
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
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# 部署admin.yaml
kubectl apply -f admin.yaml -n kube-system
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# 登录dashboard

在谷歌浏览器（Chrome）启动文件中加入启动参数，用于解决无法访问Dashboard的问题

--test-type --ignore-certificate-errors
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image-20210319003843881

更改dashboard的svc为NodePort：

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
  ports:
  - port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIp
  
# 将ClusterIP更改为NodePort（如果已经为NodePort忽略此步骤）：
# 查看端口号
kubectl get svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   10.98.250.43   <none>        443:30314/TCP   42s
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根据自己的实例端口号，通过任意安装了kube-proxy的宿主机或者VIP的IP+端口即可访问到dashboard：

访问Dashboard：https://192.168.0.236:30314（请更改32754为自己的端口），选择登录方式为令牌（即token方式）

image-20210319004320163

查看token值：

kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
Name:         admin-user-token-zvml2
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 9d2c54cb-1605-423d-8b34-1ab54cc0b58d

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1411 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InpNN1h3SUJ5ZGNIbVVYWUltR2s4VG54OUlpclRaX2c2RzhUSkl1cHo3WFkifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLXp2bWwyIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI5ZDJjNTRjYi0xNjA1LTQyM2QtOGIzNC0xYWI1NGNjMGI1OGQiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.acWyO1Nz91bxd5_APfe_88TnLyyNq5Ztq5rjtgi3psVkQ1fYbHx5C81OkeVEsrssyw1C5wnTrzHLPywvvwmIW3-3mpP4SsV9A71m--H9rnuJxB3l-S5j0vpEsq_LwS2SYvXQg7YAs_XbLzJpxRFAFgqpdmiVip8KBmmFinVoNLGue0VlgCYYycPGo1TkWx9elnSwFGO5gkCSNIOts3RuGSGlhcNZjnWue3MnGteB3nhkpoRkeO80nweIuG35g5n9-JX4h8Ye8le0xjD7Jv5_lYmmDuJmKi9WS4w5ST0p-s0XkLxFfwBXaFw1cHV-qYhOVEAMcJTbEGtd2N7mnXbz_w
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将token值输入到令牌后，单击登录即可访问Dashboard

image-20210319004456419

# 十七、生产环境关键性配置

Docker配置

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{ "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
    "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
    "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
  ],
 "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
 "max-concurrent-downloads": 10, "max-concurrent-uploads": 5, "log-opts": {   "max-size": "300m",   "max-file": "2" }, "live-restore": true}
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kube-controller-manager.service

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service

# --feature-gates=RotateKubeletClientCertificate=true,RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
--cluster-signing-duration=876000h0m0s \
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10-kubelet.conf

vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml  --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384    --image-pull-progress-deadline=30m"
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
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kubelet-conf.yml

vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml
添加如下配置
rotateServerCertificates: true
allowedUnsafeSysctls:
 - "net.core*"
 - "net.ipv4.*"
kubeReserved:
  cpu: "1"
  memory: 1Gi
  ephemeral-storage: 10Gi
systemReserved:
  cpu: "1"
  memory: 1Gi
  ephemeral-storage: 10Gi
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安装总结

  1. kubeadm

  2. 二进制

  3. 自动化安装

    • Ansible
      • Master节点安装不需要写自动化
      • 添加Node节点，playbook

  4. 安装需要注意的细节

    • 上面的细节配置

    • 生产环境中etcd一定要和系统盘分开，一定要用ssd硬盘

    • Docker数据盘也要和系统盘分开，有条件的话可以使用ssd硬盘

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